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@Anonymous 20 March 2018 14:23

There was no suggestion of actual bias in the Dimes case. A pecuniary interest is not actual bias, but imputed bias, which relates more closely to the appearance of bias than to actual bias.

In the case in point, it could be argued that the judge's daughter having undertaken a mini-pupillage for one side could be regarded as giving rise to imputed bias, but this fact and the judge's conduct and communications with the other side could certainly be argued (as they were) to give the appearance of bias, which must also be avoided for justice to be seen to be done.